How you look Artificial Intelligence?

Artificial intelligence is a new technology that emerges to make machines imitate human being activities. Activities such as listening, hearing, doing work, smelling, feeling and so many activities. Before proceeding to this tutorial, I recommend you to see my post about emerging technology.

what is Artificial intelligence?

• composed of two words Artificial (man made) and Intelligence (thinking power)
• Intelligence is an intangible part of our brain which is a combination of Reasoning, learning, problem-solving, perception, language understanding, etc.
• AI is the branch of computer science by which we can create intelligent machines which can behave like a human, think like humans, and able to make decisions.
• It exists when a machine can have human-based skills such as learning, reasoning, and solving problems.
• Intelligence is a combination of: Reasoning,  Learning, Problem Solving, Perception, Linguistic Intelligence

We have different sensory organs such as eyes, ears, noses, tongues, and skin to perceive our environment and organs such as hands, legs, and mouths are the effectors that enable us to take action within our environment based on the perception. AI also have these functionalities.

AI system is composed of an agent and its environment. An agent (e.g., human or robot) is anything that can perceive its environment through sensors and acts upon that environment through effectors

examples of AI include

 autonomous vehicles (such as drones and self-driving cars), medical diagnosis, creating art (such as poetry), proving mathematical theorems, playing games (such as Chess or Go), search engines (such as Google search), online assistants (such as Siri), image recognition in photographs, spam filtering, prediction of judicial decisions and targeting online advertisements.

Artificial Intelligence (AI), Machine Learning (ML) and Deep Learning (DL)

The need for Artificial intelligence

1.To create expert systems that exhibit intelligent behavior with the capability to learn, demonstrate, explain and advice its users.

2.Helping machines find solutions to complex problems like humans do and applying them as algorithms in a computer-friendly manner.

The goals of Artificial intelligence

1. Replicate human intelligence

2. Solve Knowledge-intensive tasks

3. An intelligent connection of perception and action

4. Building a machine which can perform tasks that requires human intelligence such as:

• Proving a theorem
• Playing chess
• Plan some surgical operation
• Driving a car in traffic

5. Creating some system which can exhibit intelligent behavior, learn new things by itself, demonstrate, explain, and can advise to its user.

Advantage and disadvantage of Artificial intelligence

Advantages

• High Accuracy with fewer errors
• Does not tier
• High-Speed
• High reliability
• Reduce human risk
• Help in decision making
• Useful as a public utility like application in medical industry
• Rational decision maker

Disadvantages

• Incurs high cost
• Can’t think out of the box
• No feelings and emotions
• Increase dependence on machines
• Leads to unemployment
• Lack in creativity

Type of Artificial intelligence

Based on ability/capability

Based on the functionality

Perceptron (Single layer Artificial neuron)

Multi layer perceptron (fed forward neural network)

• it is a composition of multiple perceptron connection in different ways and operating on distinctive activation functions to enable improved learning mechanisms.
• The training sample propagates forward through the network
• The output error is back propagate and the error is minimize using the gradient descent method, which will calculate a loss function for all the weights in the network.

Example of multi layer perceptron

A face recognition case using the multi-layer perceptron approach is as follows next.

Multiple layers take this image as input and finally, a classifier definition is created and stored.

How does human being think?

Intelligence or the cognitive process is composed of three main stages:

• Observe and input the information or data in the brain.
• Interpret and evaluate the input that is received from the surrounding environment.
• Make decisions as a reaction towards what you received as input and interpreted and evaluated.

Mapping human thinking to artificial intelligence components

AI is the science of simulating human thinking, it is possible to map the human thinking stages to the layers or components of AI systems.

• Stage 1: humans acquire information from their surrounding environments through human senses, such as sight, hearing, smell, taste, and touch, through human organs, such as eyes, ears, and other sensing organs, for example, the hands. This stage is represented by the sensing layer, which perceives information from the surrounding environment. This information is specific to the AI application.
• Stage 2: The second stage is related to interpreting and evaluating the input data. In AI, this stage is represented by the interpretation layer, that is, reasoning and thinking about the gathered input that is acquired by the sensing layer.
• Stage 3: is related to taking action or making decisions. After evaluating the input data, the interacting layer performs the necessary tasks. Robotic movement control and speech generation are examples of functions that are implemented in the interacting layer.

Applications of Artificial intelligence

The following figure shows some application of Artificial intelligence in real world.

Artificial intelligence in agriculture

some of the application of AI in agriculture are crop watering, pesticides, crop monitoring and a lot of applications.

Artificial intelligence in health care

In medical science specially disease diagnostic process related to internal parts of the human body such as

• Heart case
• Diabetes
• Blood pressure
• Pneumonia
• Diseases related to brain,
• Hepatitis
• Censer, and a lot of diseases can be identified by AI

Artificial intelligence in Finance.

Artificial intelligence in space science

• To identify rock type and minerals present in different planets
• To identify different star constellation
• Generally, to discover what is new present outside of our world

AI in education

• Grading System Automation
• Adaptation of educational software for students need
• Student can get additional tutor from AI robot
• It could change the role of teachers
• AI can make trial and error learning less intermediating
• Data pored by AI change how schools find, teach, and support students

Artificial intelligence in robotics

• AI make the robot to talk and act as human being
• AI make the robot think deeply hear and feel

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